Riding a motorbike is what many call the essence of freedom. It’s exciting and exhilarating, but it also comes with its rules and regulations. According to the IIHS, there are 8.8 million registered on-road motorcycles today.
Yet according to Cycle World Magazine, just 4% of Americans own a motorcycle, with a small proportion being teenage riders. Riding also comes with risks, and having an experienced motorcycle accident attorney in Austin can be crucial if something goes wrong. If you’re looking to break the mold and ride the roads like nobody else, you need a license.
When you can get this license, and what you have to do to get it depends on your state. In this guide, we investigate the age at which you can get your license and the path you’ll have to go down to get one.
Key Takeaways
- Each state sets its own requirements on the minimum age required to get a motorbike license. However, many states place no age restrictions on riders if they’re riding exclusively on private land.
- The youngest age a minor can begin the process of getting a motorcycle license is in New Mexico, where riders can get a license at age 13.
- Getting a full motorcycle license starts with obtaining a learner’s permit. Most states require you to complete a written test and a road test before you’re eligible to apply for a full license.
- Motorcycle learner’s permits typically come with restrictions on riders, including passenger bans, night-time curfews, and mandatory helmet use.
- Young riders can be held liable for any accidents they cause. Many states also have parental liability laws, entitling injured parties to hold the parents and guardians of minors liable for damages.
- If you were involved in a motorcycle accident involving a minor, speak to an experienced motorcycle accident attorney for information on making a claim.
What is the Youngest Age to Drive a Motorcycle?
Each state is entitled to set its own minimum age limits on motorcycle riding. The youngest you can receive an initial license is New Mexico, where aspiring riders can get one from age 13. In states like Arkansas and the Dakotas, the youngest age for riders is 14.
It’s important to remember these age limits often only apply to public roads. For example, South Dakota has no age limit for private land riding. In fact, these states often don’t require any form of licensing if you’re operating a motorcycle exclusively on private land.
Additionally, it’s critical to remember that just because a state sets a minimum age limit doesn’t mean this entitles you to a full license. Hawaii allows you to get a temporary permit at 15.5 years old, but this comes with various restrictions you have to stick with until you get older.
Motorcycle License Age Minimums Across the U.S.
Getting a motorcycle license requires you to go through your state’s Graduated Licensing Program (GDL), which often consists of a learner’s permit, intermediate license, and, finally, a full license. Progressing to each stage requires fulfilling a particular set of requirements, including written and practical tests.
In the following table, we outline the minimum age requirements for getting your license in all 50 states.
| State | Age Requirement for a Motorcycle License |
|---|---|
| Alabama | 16 |
| Alaska | 14 (permit), 16 (license) |
| Arizona | 16 |
| Arkansas | 16 |
| California | 16 |
| Colorado | 16 |
| Connecticut | 16 |
| Delaware | 17 |
| Florida | 16 |
| Georgia | 17 |
| Hawaii | 16 |
| Idaho | 15 |
| Illinois | 16 |
| Indiana | 16 and 90 days |
| Iowa | 16 |
| Kansas | 16 |
| Kentucky | 18, or 16 with a valid driver's license |
| Louisiana | 16 |
| Maine | 16 |
| Maryland | 16 and 6 months |
| Massachusetts | 16 and 6 months (restricted), 18 (unrestricted) |
| Michigan | 16 |
| Minnesota | 18, or 16 with a safety course |
| Mississippi | 17 |
| Missouri | 15 and 6 months |
| Montana | 16, or 15 with a safety course |
| Nebraska | 17 |
| Nevada | 16 |
| New Hampshire | 16 |
| New Jersey | 17 |
| New Mexico | 13 (restricted), 15 (unrestricted) |
| New York | 16 |
| North Carolina | 16 |
| North Dakota | 14 |
| Ohio | 16 |
| Oklahoma | 14 (permit), 16 (license) |
| Oregon | 16 |
| Pennsylvania | 16 |
| Rhode Island | 16 |
| South Carolina | 15 |
| South Dakota | 14 (permit), 16 (license) |
| Tennessee | 15 (permit), 16 (license) |
| Texas | 15 (with restrictions) |
| Utah | 16 |
| Vermont | 16 |
| Virginia | 16 and 3 months |
| Washington | 16 |
| West Virginia | 16 |
| Wisconsin | 16 |
| Wyoming | 17 |
Note that some states have extra rules allowing you to get a motorcycle license below the minimum age limit but with engine restrictions. For example, the Texas Department of Public Safety outlines that although the minimum age is 16, you can still get a license to operate motorcycles up to 250cc at 15.
Understanding Temporary Motorcycle Permits
Temporary motorcycle permits are a standard part of learning to ride a motorcycle and working toward a regular full license. These permits allow you to practice riding with restrictions until you’re ready to graduate to the next level.
Some of the most common restrictions might include night-time driving restrictions, passenger limits, and limitations on riding on certain types of roads. Again, every state may define what these restrictions are. While riding on a learner’s permit, always follow recommended motorcycle accident prevention tips to stay safe.
In some states, you may be required to hold a temporary permit for a minimum period before taking the relevant test. States like Delaware and California require everyone to hold their learner’s permit for a minimum of six months.
In contrast, Virginia determines its minimum holding periods by age. Applicants aged 18 and over only need to hold the permit for 30 days. Anyone under 18 must hold the permit for at least nine months, per information from the Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles.
What is a Motorcycle Learner’s Permit?
A motorcycle learner’s permit is a temporary license allowing you to operate a motorcycle before obtaining a full Class M license, known as a motorcycle only license. Getting a learner’s permit is mandatory in all states, with few exceptions, such as if you already have a full, unexpired motorcycle license from another state.
The process of obtaining said permit differs depending on where you live. Some states require you to complete an approved motorcycle safety course first, whereas others will give one to anyone who fills out the relevant application form.
Age Restrictions and Requirements for Permits
All states have age restrictions on who’s eligible for a motorbike learner’s permit. Likewise, every state sets the bar for who qualifies for this permit and what they must do to get their application approved.
These requirements may involve formal safety tests, written tests, or even completing an examination within a set period. In other words, no standardization exists in the process, even though many states work similarly.
Let’s use three states as examples of how the learner’s permit process might differ.
| State | Age and Requirements |
|---|---|
| Tennessee | - Must be 16 - 15-year-olds can apply with restrictions - A minimum score of 80% is required to pass the "Rules of the Road" test |
| Georgia | - Must be 17 - Applicants under 18 need a parent or guardian's signature - Tests are waived with a state-approved rider course |
| South Carolina | - Must be 15 for permit - Extra restrictions for under 18 - Safety course required for a full license - Three failed attempts ban you permanently |
Tennessee
The Tennessee Department of Motor Vehicles states that riders must be 16 to apply for a license. However, applicants aged 15 can still apply with extra restrictions. Every applicant must pass a “Rules of the Road” test as part of the process.
Passing this test requires a grade of at least 80% and focuses on road signs and Tennessee road laws.
Georgia
The Peach State allows you to get a Class M license but riders must be at least 17 to begin the process of getting their license. If you’re under 18, you must also have a parent or guardian who can sign your application form.
According to the Georgia Department of Motor Vehicles, various tests will apply, but these requirements are waived if you complete a state-approved basic rider course within a certain period.
South Carolina
South Carolina is one of the strictest states when it comes to motorcycle riding. According to the South Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles, you must be at least 15 to take your permit test. Additionally, first-time applicants under 18 face an array of additional restrictions.
Unlike other states, you don’t have to take a safety course to obtain your permit. However, you’ll still need to take one before you're eligible for a full license. You’re also obligated to pass a Motorcycle Safety Foundation course approved by the DMV.
What makes this state so strict? If you fail this course three times, you’re banned from getting a permit entirely, meaning you’ll need to go to another state to get your motorcycle license.
Steps to Transition from a Permit to a Full License
Your permit is a stopgap before transitioning to a full license, enabling you to ride without restrictions. Each state sets its own requirements regarding tests to qualify for your full license, which usually involves a written and motorcycle skills test.
Note that permits usually have expiration dates. If you don’t take your training seriously, your permit might expire, requiring you to start all over again. In states with minimum permit holding periods, letting your permit expire could set you back months.
So, what does the process look like:
The first step is scheduling a skills test through your state’s DMV. You’ll be asked to complete a short course while a professional with a motorcycle instruction permit assesses whether you can handle your bike safely. These tests examine several skills, including:
- Acceleration
- Braking
- Lane changes
- Parking
- Emergency maneuvers
- Handling
Note that many states also allow you to register as part of an approved safety course. Completing one of these courses will allow you to waive the skills test requirement. Other aspects may also be waived. For example, you can get a Maryland motorcycle license without finishing a driver education course. These are often attractive to young riders because you don’t need to own a bike, as the course will provide one.
The second step is completing a written motorcycle knowledge test. Some states, such as Texas, require you to complete this at your nearest Department of Public Safety office, whereas others allow you to complete it online.
These tests focus on the basics of road safety, emphasizing the rules of the road in your state. Again, if you've got a standard driving license already and are seeking a motorcycle endorsement, your state might allow you to skip this stage.
Beyond these requirements, the rest of the process involves filling out a series of forms and paying relevant fees. You should also expect a basic vision screening test to be part of the process, but most states also have this requirement as a condition of receiving your initial learner’s permit, so you won’t have to finish it again.
Be sure to schedule any appointments well in advance as spots are limited and tend to fill up quickly when the weather is nice.
Motorcycle Riding Restrictions for Learning Permit Holders
Learning permits don’t give you the right to ride your motorcycle like anyone else. Learners must abide by the restrictions placed on them by their temporary learning permit. Some restrictions, such as night-time riding, are common across most states, but some states may have extra requirements.
Here are some examples of the limitations on a restricted license:
- Supervision – Some states require you to be supervised by someone who already has a valid license. For example, the New York Department of Motor Vehicles states that all permit holders must have a licensed motorcyclist within a quarter mile while you’re riding.
- Passenger Restrictions – You may be banned from carrying passengers in your state, whether they’re licensed or not, since carrying passengers changes the weight and balance of the motorcycle. For example, California places a flat ban on carrying passengers.
- Night-Time Curfews – Like getting an ordinary driving license, you may have a riding curfew imposed. California prevents permit holders from riding between the hours of 11 pm and 5 am. Some states, like Texas, may have exceptions, such as if you’re riding to school, work, or for a medical emergency.
- Roadway Limitations – Check which roads you’re allowed to ride on. Many states allow you to ride anywhere apart from freeways if you have a learner’s permit.
- Helmet Requirements – Despite the overwhelming body of evidence, not every state makes helmets mandatory for bikers. However, permit holders are often obligated to wear helmets until they receive their full license in these states. For example, see the specific requirements for Texas motorcycle helmet laws.
Every state has relevant penalties for breaking any of these rules, including fines, increased auto insurance premiums, and the suspension of your learner’s permit. If your actions cause a serious injury or death, there could even be criminal penalties imposed, including incarceration.
Safety Regulations and Legal Implications for Young Riders
Ready to get your license? All motorcycle riders must be aware of the safety regulations that apply to them in their states. Breaking the rules of the road could have enormous legal implications, including opening yourself up to personal injury lawsuits.
Let’s discuss some of the regulations all young riders must bear in mind when taking to the wide, open road.
Helmet Laws for Young Riders
The Bicycle Helmet Safety Institute reveals that just 20 states have universal helmet laws for bikers, with 28 states requiring them for some motorcyclists, including riders below a certain age. Breaking helmet laws puts your life at risk and may be a traffic violation.
Many states have specific laws on young riders, with most mandating helmet use for riders under 18 or 19. Some states have taken their own route, with Missouri requiring helmets for all riders under 26.
However, regardless of the law, we continue to recommend motorcyclists wear helmets throughout their lives, as it could protect you from life-changing injuries if you’re involved in an accident.
Insurance Requirements for Motorcycle Licenses
All licensed motorcyclists are required to obey the minimum insurance requirements set by their state. Whether you’re driving a car or riding a motorbike, it’s illegal to drive on public roads without insurance in every state.
For example, Texas has a minimum auto insurance requirement that uses the 30/60/25 model, which translates to $30,000 in bodily injury protection per person and $60,000 per accident with an extra $25,000 to cover any property damage.
Not having insurance is a serious traffic violation that can result in consequences like:
- Fines
- License suspension
- Future increased auto insurance premiums
- License revocation
- Vehicle impoundment
- Jail time
The exact consequences will depend on your state. Moreover, if you caused an accident that led to an injury or death, the legal consequences could be substantial, including Class A misdemeanors and even felony charges.
What are the Legal Consequences of Riding a Motorcycle Underage?
Riding a motorcycle underage is against the law and could result in fines, vehicle impoundment, misdemeanor charges, and delaying your eligibility for a license. The consequences could also extend to your parents or guardians, with legal repercussions extending to them too.
Typically, the legal consequences include:
- Fines
- Vehicle impoundment
- Misdemeanor charges
- Juvenile detention
- Delayed eligibility for a future license
- Parental responsibility
- Future denied auto insurance coverage
Can Minors Be Held Liable for Motorcycle Accidents?
Minors may be held liable while partaking in adult activities like riding a motorcycle. They’ll be held to the standard of care that matches their age and experience. If you’re found to be negligent as a minor, you can be held liable for damages caused.
Of course, many would argue that this doesn’t mean much to an injured party because a minor is unlikely to have any assets to pay damages. That’s why many states allow for vicarious liability. In other words, a minor’s parents or guardians can also be held liable under certain conditions.
Here’s a rundown of the legal side of how this works:
- Negligent Entrustment – Negligent entrustment is a legal concept that allows injured parties to hold the parents and guardians of minors responsible for allowing a minor to participate in an activity when they know they’re unfit, reckless, or inexperienced.
- Parental Responsibility Laws – An increasing number of states have implemented parental responsibility laws, which have been most recently seen in the aftermath of school shootings. In Texas, parents can legally be held liable if a child’s negligent conduct can be traced back to them.
- Failure to Supervise – All parents and guardians have a duty of care to supervise their children, and many states have enshrined this within their respective legal codes. A lack of legal supervision could result in liability. For example, if an unlicensed teen steals their dad’s keys and then crashes their motorbike, their parents can be held liable for damages caused.
Cases involving parental liability tend to be enormously complex, as a crash involving a minor doesn’t automatically mean that their parents are responsible. If you’ve been hit by a minor riding a motorcycle, get in touch with an experienced personal injury lawyer at DJC Law for help with deciding on your next steps.
